Calcium Carbonate-Based Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapeutics: Current State of Art and Future Breakthroughs

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have shown immense potential for antitumor applications. Nanosized calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) materials exhibit excellent biocompatibility and degradability, and have been utilized to develop platform technologies for cancer therapy. These materials can be engineered to carry anticancer drugs and functional groups that specifically target cancer cells and tissues, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, their physicochemical properties can be tailored to enable stimuli-responsive therapy and precision drug delivery. This Review consolidates recent literatures focusing on the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and multimodal antitumor therapies of CaCO₃-based nanoplatforms (CBN). We also explore the current challenges and potential breakthroughs in the development of CBN for antitumor applications, providing a valuable reference for researchers in the field.