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Forecasting the Problem of Excessive Oil Entrainment in a Desalter Using Spinning Drop Method.

Ekta Sharma¹, Biswajit Shown², Swapnil Sulakhe²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.

|March 25, 2024

Summary

Refinery desalter upsets are caused by rag layer buildup from spontaneous emulsification. Measuring the temperature coefficient of interfacial tension reduction can forecast imminent operational issues.

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Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Refinery desalter upsets are frequently caused by rag layer formation, a stable water-in-oil emulsion.
This emulsion buildup at the oil-brine interface is driven by spontaneous emulsification of brine in oil, particularly when processing opportunity crude oils.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phenomenon of spontaneous emulsification and its role in rag layer formation.
To identify key indicators for predicting and preventing desalter upsets.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a spinning drop (SD) tensiometer to observe the behavior of oil-brine interfaces under spontaneous emulsification conditions.
Simulating rag layers using brines from actual desalter upset incidents.
Measuring the temperature coefficient of interfacial tension reduction.

Main Results:

Spontaneous emulsification leads to low apparent interfacial tension and rigidity in the spinning drop, with brine droplets forming a stable bilayer.
Simulated rag layers exhibit similar behavior, confirming the role of brine chemical species and osmotic water transport.
The rate of rag layer buildup directly correlates with the rate of spontaneous emulsification.

Conclusions:

Spontaneous emulsification, driven by brine chemistry, is the primary cause of rapid rag layer buildup and desalter upsets.
The temperature coefficient of interfacial tension reduction is a sensitive indicator for forecasting imminent operational upsets.
Monitoring this coefficient allows for timely implementation of preventive measures to avoid desalter failures.