Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors Associated with Perinatal Depression-A Prospective Cohort Study

Area of Science:

• Perinatal mental health
• Obstetrics
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Perinatal depression (PND) is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated, negatively impacting infant development and mother-child bonding.
• Understanding the prevalence and contributing factors of PND is essential for effective maternal healthcare strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the prevalence of PND during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
• To identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, obstetric, and neonatal factors associated with PND.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study involving 166 antenatal mothers assessed from the first trimester.
• Data collected via semi-structured questionnaires and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD).
• Assessments conducted at multiple points: end of trimesters 1, 2, and 3, and postpartum weeks 1 and 6.

Main Results:

• PND prevalence ranged from 21.7% in the first trimester to over 30% postpartum.
• Significant risk factors included history of child illness, preterm birth, abuse, marital conflict, miscarriages, low socioeconomic status, and poor family support.
• Postpartum factors like stressful events, dissatisfaction with child's sex, and low birth weight were also strongly associated with PND.

Conclusions:

• PND is highly prevalent starting early in pregnancy.
• Periodic screening for depression in high-risk mothers is recommended for early diagnosis and management.
• Validated assessment tools are crucial for accurate PND detection.