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Related Concept Videos

Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

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In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
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Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Density and Archimedes' Principle01:05

Density and Archimedes' Principle

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When a lump of clay is dropped into water, it sinks. But if the same lump of clay is molded into the shape of a boat, it starts to float. Because of its shape, the clay boat displaces more water than the lump and experiences a greater buoyant force, even though its mass is the same. The same holds true for steel ships. The average density of an object majorly determines if the object will float. If an object's average density is less than that of the surrounding fluid, it will float. The...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Heat and Free Expansion01:24

Heat and Free Expansion

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The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

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Early Online: Vol. 114 No. 4.

G C Solanki1, T Doherty2, V Brijlal3

  • 1Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; NMG Consultants and Actuaries, Cape Town, South Africa. geetesh.solanki@mrc.ac.za.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|March 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

South Africa

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Area of Science:

  • Public health
  • Health systems research
  • Maternal healthcare policy

Background:

  • South Africa's maternal healthcare is strained by challenges in both private and public sectors.
  • Inappropriate obstetric care patterns in the private sector and resource mobilization for the public sector are key policy concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an alternative private sector obstetric care model.
  • To stimulate discussion on developing new models for improving obstetric care through public-private engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of care and contracting models from five rural district hospitals in the Western Cape Province.
  • Focus on models used to contract private general practitioners for caesarean delivery services.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific care and contracting models in rural Western Cape hospitals.
  • Outlined a potential alternative private sector obstetric care model based on these insights.

Conclusions:

  • New obstetric care models are crucial for addressing South Africa's maternal healthcare challenges.
  • Public-private engagement in obstetric care delivery can be facilitated by innovative models.