Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

310
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
310
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.1K
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

5.7K
Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
5.7K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.0K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.0K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

201
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
201
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

798
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
798

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First worldwide multicenter validation of the POLARIS preclinical polarizer across biological models and imaging paradigms.

Research square·2026
Same author

Task-evoked deactivations: dissociation between BOLD fMRI and FDG.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Ultraprocessed Foods and the Aging Brain: State of the Science.

Annual review of nutrition·2026
Same author

Is adrenal adenoma to carcinoma transformation possible?-Illustrative cases and literature review.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Refining human brain metabolism trajectories: Convergence, uncertainties and the value of arteriovenous data.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same author

Bilateral and recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma in MEN1: a case report and review of the literature.

Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

10.5K

A vendor-neutral EPI sequence for hyperpolarized 13C MRI.

Tyler Blazey1, Ashley Shaw1, Cornelius von Morze1

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed a flexible, vendor-neutral Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) sequence for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. This open-source tool enables precise localization of metabolites and is freely available for research use.

Keywords:
Pulseqecho‐planar imaginghyperpolarized 13Cmetabolic imagingvendor‐neutral

More Related Videos

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents
08:59

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents

Published on: April 15, 2016

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Standardization and Best Practices for Advancing Lung Imaging Using 129Xe MRI
09:08

Author Spotlight: Standardization and Best Practices for Advancing Lung Imaging Using 129Xe MRI

Published on: November 21, 2023

835

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

10.5K
Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents
08:59

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents

Published on: April 15, 2016

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Standardization and Best Practices for Advancing Lung Imaging Using 129Xe MRI
09:08

Author Spotlight: Standardization and Best Practices for Advancing Lung Imaging Using 129Xe MRI

Published on: November 21, 2023

835

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Metabolic Imaging

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized 13C (carbon-13) imaging offers metabolic insights.
  • Existing Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) sequences can be vendor-specific, limiting broader application.
  • A need exists for flexible, open-source imaging sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile, vendor-neutral EPI sequence for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging.
  • To create an open-source tool for advanced metabolic research.
  • To enhance the accessibility of hyperpolarized 13C imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an open-source EPI sequence using the Pulseq framework.
  • Incorporated metabolite-specific spectral-spatial RF excitation and customizable EPI readout.
  • Tested sequence flexibility with varying spatial resolutions and a multichamber phantom containing 13C compounds and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate.

Main Results:

  • Successfully localized natural-abundance 13C compounds and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to designated phantom compartments.
  • Detected [1-13C]lactate specifically in the chamber facilitating pyruvate-to-lactate conversion.
  • Quantified the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate (kPL) at 0.01 s⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • A vendor-neutral EPI sequence for hyperpolarized 13C imaging has been successfully developed and validated.
  • The open-source nature of the sequence and reconstruction code promotes wider adoption and research.
  • This work provides a valuable tool for advancing metabolic imaging studies.