Calling the question: what is mammalian transgenerational epigenetic inheritance?

Area of Science:

• Epigenetics and Mammalian Genetics
• Developmental Biology
• Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Background:

• Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) is well-established in model organisms but remains controversial in mammals.
• Key challenges include distinguishing intergenerational from transgenerational effects and overcoming epigenetic reprogramming in mammals.
• Epigenetic reprogramming involves global erasure of DNA methylation and histone modification, posing a biological hurdle for TEI.

Purpose of the Study:

• To advocate for the establishment of fundamental criteria for studies claiming evidence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI).
• To address the controversy surrounding TEI in mammals by proposing a standardized framework for validation.
• To clarify the scientific requirements for robust TEI research.

Main Methods:

• Identified five essential criteria for TEI evidence based on a consensus of critical evaluations.
• Analyzed 80 studies claiming or cited as supporting TEI to assess adherence to these criteria.
• Evaluated the methodological rigor and validity of published research in the field of TEI.

Main Results:

• The analysis revealed widespread confusion and inconsistency in current TEI research.
• Many studies claiming TEI evidence do not meet the proposed fundamental criteria.
• Significant discrepancies exist in the application of scientific standards for TEI.

Conclusions:

• There is an urgent need for a unified scientific consensus on the requirements for TEI studies in mammals.
• Establishing clear criteria is crucial for advancing the field and resolving the ongoing debate.
• Adherence to standardized criteria will enhance the reliability and reproducibility of TEI research.