Antibody targeting TSLP suppresses DSS-induced colitis and activation of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway in mice

There is currently no safe or effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is defined as recurrent and persistent intestinal inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD, and the JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway has demonstrated much promise as a novel therapeutic target for IBD. In this study, we first evaluated levels of TSLP in dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced IBD mice. Second, we applied tezepelumab, an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (20 μg per mouse, intraperitoneally), to DSS-induced IBD mice and quantified the signs of histopathological change, intestinal inflammation, and integrity of the mucosal barrier. In addition, the effect of DSS and/or tezepelumab on the phosphorylation of the JAK/STAT pathway was investigated. TSLP expression levels were elevated in DSS-induced IBD mice, whereas TSLP antibody treatment suppressed the pathological features associated with IBD and alleviated intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier disruption. Moreover, level of phosphorylated JAK2/STAT5 were increased in DSS-induced IBD mice, but were strongly decreased in the presence of tezepelumab. Our findings suggest that targeting TSLP via the JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway may be an effective approach for the treatment of IBD.