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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

26.9K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.0K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalyst self-assembly accelerates bimetallic light-driven electrocatalytic H2 evolution in water.

Isaac N Cloward1, Tianfei Liu1,2, Jamie Rose1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Nature Chemistry
|March 26, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular iridium catalysts self-assemble to efficiently generate hydrogen fuel from water. This supramolecular assembly enhances light harvesting and H-H coupling, improving catalytic performance for sustainable energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Photochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen evolution is a key reaction for fuel generation, with ongoing debate regarding monometallic versus bimetallic pathways.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of hydrogen-¡H₂!-evolution is crucial for developing efficient catalytic systems.
  • Molecular iridium catalysts offer a platform to investigate these mechanistic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors promoting bimetallic H-H coupling in molecular iridium catalysts.
  • To understand the role of supramolecular self-assembly in photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.
  • To compare the performance of diiridium and monometallic catalysts in neutral water splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of covalently tethered diiridium and monometallic iridium catalysts with varying substituents.
  • Photoelectrochemical measurements to assess hydrogen evolution rates and overpotentials.
  • Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to characterize self-assembled nanoscale aggregates.

Main Results:

  • Covalently tethered diiridium catalysts exhibited faster hydrogen evolution from neutral water than monometallic counterparts, even at lower overpotentials.
  • Non-covalent supramolecular self-assembly into nanoscale aggregates was identified as the key factor for improved catalytic activity.
  • Monometallic catalysts with long-chain alkane substituents also leveraged self-assembly to achieve high hydrogen evolution rates.
  • The self-assembly process enhanced light harvesting and facilitated efficient H-H bond formation.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular self-assembly of molecular catalysts is a powerful strategy to enhance photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.
  • Bringing catalytic sites into close proximity via self-assembly improves bimolecular H-H coupling efficiency.
  • Catalyst design should consider parameters for controlling proximity of catalytic sites and tuning microenvironments for optimal performance.
  • This work provides insights into designing advanced catalysts for light-driven water splitting and sustainable hydrogen production.