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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

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Development of synthetic small regulatory RNA for Rhodococcus erythropolis.

Lijuan Wang1,2, Jie Hou3, Kun Yang1,2

  • 1The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.

Biotechnology Journal
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a synthetic small RNA (sRNA) tool for metabolic engineering of Rhodococcus bacteria. This new method successfully identified key genes in sulfur metabolism impacting biodesulfurization efficiency.

Keywords:
Rhodococcusbiodesulfurizationgene repressionmetabolic engineeringsynthetic sRNA

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Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Rhodococci are robust microorganisms valuable for biotransformation, biodegradation, and biosynthesis.
  • Metabolic engineering of Rhodococcus species is challenging due to limited genetic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a synthetic small RNA (sRNA) strategy for gene repression in Rhodococcus erythropolis XP.
  • To investigate the impact of sulfur metabolism on biodesulfurization (BDS) efficiency in R. erythropolis XP.

Main Methods:

  • Exploited a synthetic sRNA strategy using the RhlS scaffold from Pseudomonas aeruginosa for gene repression.
  • Compared the efficacy of RhlS-based sRNAs against other sRNA scaffolds (E. coli MicC, SgrS, P. aeruginosa PrrF1-2).
  • Applied RhlS-based sRNAs to identify genes in sulfur metabolism affecting BDS efficiency.

Main Results:

  • RhlS-based synthetic sRNAs demonstrated superior gene repression compared to other tested scaffolds.
  • Successfully identified two genes in sulfur metabolism that significantly influence BDS efficiency in R. erythropolis XP.
  • Validated the utility of synthetic sRNAs for metabolic engineering in Rhodococcus.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic sRNA technology, particularly using the RhlS scaffold, is a promising tool for Rhodococcus metabolic engineering.
  • This approach facilitates the study of metabolic pathways, such as sulfur metabolism, impacting industrial applications.
  • The findings support the advancement of Rhodococcus applications in environmental remediation and biosynthesis.