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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Vaccinations01:51

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Overview
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Relationship Formation02:12

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Health Sciences
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  9. Family Care
  11. Neighborhood-level Factors Associated With Covid-19 Vaccination Rates: A Case Study In Chicago.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Health Sciences
  7. Health Services And Systems
  9. Family Care
  11. Neighborhood-level Factors Associated With Covid-19 Vaccination Rates: A Case Study In Chicago.

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Neighborhood-level factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates: a case study in Chicago.

Grace Keegan1, Mengqi Zhu2, Maria Paz3

  • 1Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC 2007, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA. gkeegan@uchicago.edu.

BMC Public Health
|March 26, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities, not access to care or community belonging, significantly impacted COVID-19 vaccination rates in Chicago neighborhoods. These disparities highlight the need for targeted public health interventions.

Keywords:
COVID-19Health disparitiesPrimary careVaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Residential segregation in Chicago mirrors national patterns, influencing healthcare access and community trust.
  • Effective public health interventions, like COVID-19 vaccine rollout, rely on community-based strategies.
  • Understanding neighborhood-level factors is crucial for equitable health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between primary care access and community belonging with COVID-19 vaccination rates in Chicago.
  • To identify key demographic and socioeconomic drivers of vaccination adherence.
  • To inform public health strategies for equitable vaccine distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Chicago Department of Public Health data (12/2020-6/2022) on vaccination rates, demographics, socioeconomic status, primary care access, and community belonging.
Vaccine hesitancy
  • Utilized linear mixed models (LMMs) with neighborhood as a random effect to account for within-community correlations.
  • Examined correlations between vaccination rates and various neighborhood-level factors.

    • Main Results:

    • COVID-19 vaccination rates averaged 79% across Chicago neighborhoods, with significant variation.
    • Higher vaccination rates were initially correlated with better access to care and stronger community belonging.
    • Lower vaccination rates were associated with higher percentages of Black residents and greater poverty.
    • After adjusting for demographic factors, the link between vaccination and care access/community belonging diminished, while race and poverty remained significant predictors.

    Conclusions:

    • While primary care access and community belonging show initial correlations with vaccination, their significance is mediated by socioeconomic and racial factors.
    • Socioeconomic status and race are primary drivers of COVID-19 vaccine adherence in Chicago.
    • Future public health efforts must prioritize understanding and addressing the intersection of poverty, race, and healthcare access to improve vaccination equity.