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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Assessment of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Using a Plate Reader-based Fluorescent Assay
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Climate-driven mitochondrial selection in lacertid lizards.

Xiang Zhang1, Jian Chen1, Hong-Yu Luo1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou University Wenzhou China.

Ecology and Evolution
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change impacts reptile mitochondrial DNA. This study identified specific mitochondrial genes (ATP6, ATP8, and ND3) in lacertid lizards under positive selection due to climate variables like temperature and precipitation seasonality.

Keywords:
Lacertidaeclimatic variablesgene arrangementmitochondrial genomesphylogenypositive selection gene

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production.
  • Climate-driven selection on mitochondrial genomes is understudied in reptiles.
  • Reptilian responses to climate change are crucial for conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of *Takydromus intermedius*.
  • To investigate phylogenetic relationships among 54 lacertid lizard species.
  • To identify mitochondrial genes under positive selection driven by climate.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of *Takydromus intermedius*.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using mitogenomes from 54 lacertid species.
  • Detecting positive selection on mitochondrial genes using climate data.

Main Results:

  • The complete mitochondrial genome of *T. intermedius* was sequenced (17,713 bp).
  • Lacertid lizards formed three distinct geographic and climatic clades.
  • Three mitochondrial genes (*ATP*6, *ATP*8, and *ND3*) showed positive selection linked to climate variables.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial genomes in lacertid lizards are evolving under climate-driven selection.
  • Specific climatic factors, including temperature and precipitation seasonality, influence gene selection.
  • This research provides insights into reptile adaptation to climate change.