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Enhancing Overhead Throwing Ball Velocity After Core Muscle Training in Athletes: A Systematic Review and
Long-Huei Lin1, Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang
1From the School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (L-HL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan (T-YL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K-VC, W-TW); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan (K-VC, W-TW); Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (K-VC); and Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey (LÖ).
Objective:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of core muscle training on throwing ball velocity among overhead throwing athletes.
Design:
A literature search was performed from inception to July 2023 for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of core muscle training on overhead throwing ball velocity. The primary outcome was the change in standing throwing ball velocity. The secondary outcome focused on the enhancement of step/jump throwing ball velocity.
Results:
Ten randomized controlled trials were included, revealing a significant improvement in standing throwing ball velocity in the group undergoing core muscle training (Hedges' g = 0.701, 95% confidence interval = 0.339 to 1.063, P < 0.001). Longer treatment duration and a higher frequency of core muscle training sessions per week contributed to improved standing throwing ball velocity. However, core muscle training did not show significant benefits for step (Hedge's g = 0.463, 95% confidence interval = -0.058 to 0.985, P = 0.082) and jump throwing ball velocity (Hedges' g = 0.550, 95% confidence interval = -0.051 to 1.152, P = 0.073).
Conclusions:
Core muscle training significantly enhanced standing ball throwing velocity. However, its effect on step/jump throwing ball velocity was less certain. Further research is needed to explore the impact of core muscle training (especially its long-term effects) on throwing ball velocity.
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