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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Concept and Development of Algebraic Topological Framework Nucleic Acids.

Lu Song1, Xiaolei Zuo1, Min Li1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.

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Algebraic topological framework nucleic acids (ATFNAs) are advanced DNA nanostructures. ATFNAs precisely engineer guest molecules for promising biological applications like cell recognition and immunotherapy.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleic acids are versatile building blocks for creating complex nanostructures.
  • DNA nanotechnology enables the design of diverse DNA nanostructures with controlled shapes and sizes.
  • Algebraic topological framework nucleic acids (ATFNAs) represent a class of functional DNA nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the concept and development of precisely assembled ATFNAs.
  • To outline new frontiers and opportunities for ATFNAs in biological applications.
  • To emphasize the potential of ATFNAs for engineering guest molecules stoichiometrically and spatially.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting the precise properties of nucleic acids for nanostructure assembly.
  • Utilizing advances in DNA nanotechnology for ingenious design.
  • Engineering guest molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, and nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of precisely assembled ATFNAs with tailorable functionalities.
  • Engineering of guest molecules with stoichiometric and spatial control.
  • Identification of ATFNAs as promising materials for biological applications.

Conclusions:

  • ATFNAs offer precise control over nanostructure assembly and guest molecule engineering.
  • The structural advantages of ATFNAs hold significant promise for biological applications.
  • Future research directions include leveraging ATFNAs for cell recognition and immunotherapy.