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Central nervous system infections in the tropics
Angel Miraclin T1, Bhagteshwar Singh2, Priscilla Rupali3
1Department of Neurological Sciences.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|March 26, 2024
Summary
Emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections in the tropics, driven by climate change and poverty, pose significant health risks. Prompt diagnosis and vector control are crucial for managing these re-emerging diseases.
Area of Science:
- Tropical medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a growing public health concern in tropical regions.
- Factors contributing to their emergence include climate change, deforestation, increased vector density, poverty, and poor sanitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pathogens causing emerging and re-emerging CNS infections in the tropics.
- To highlight the potential for significant morbidity and mortality associated with these infections.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on CNS infections in tropical regions.
- Focus on emerging and re-emerging pathogens and their impact.
Main Results:
- Nipah virus causes high-fatality encephalitis outbreaks.
- Arboviral infections (dengue, chikungunya, Zika) are increasing in urban areas.
- Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi) is a leading cause of tropical CNS infections.
Conclusions:
- A syndromic and epidemiological approach is essential for diagnosis and management of CNS infections.
- Rapid diagnostics, vector control, and ecosystem preservation are key to prevention.
- Regional strategies, including vaccines, are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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