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Congenital cardiac anomalies in non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate patients: A systematic review and
Bindey Kumar1, Priyankar Singh2, Alok Ranjan3
1Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Congenital Anomalies
|March 26, 2024
Summary
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 16% of non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients. Cleft palate cases show significantly higher odds of CHD, emphasizing the need for cardiac screening in affected children.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Public health
- Genetics
Background:
- Orofacial clefts are common birth defects.
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant co-morbidity.
- The association between non-syndromic orofacial clefts and CHD requires precise quantification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a definitive link between non-syndromic orofacial clefts and congenital heart disease (CHD).
- To determine the pooled prevalence of CHD in non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients.
- To compare the risk of CHD across different types of orofacial clefts.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of studies with a definite association between CHD and orofacial cleft.
- Meta-analysis using a DerSimonian Laird random effects model to estimate pooled CHD proportions.
Main Results:
- The overall pooled prevalence of CHD in non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients was 16% (95% CI: 13-19).
- Patients with cleft palate had 4.08 times higher odds of CHD compared to those with cleft lip (95% CI: 3.86-4.33).
- Patients with cleft palate had 1.65 times higher odds of CHD compared to those with cleft lip and palate (95% CI: 1.52-1.68).
Conclusions:
- There is a significant and upsurging prevalence of CHD in non-syndromic cleft children.
- Routine screening for congenital cardiac anomalies is crucial for all non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients.
- Clinical practice and policy-making should integrate CHD screening protocols for this population.
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