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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

190
A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
190
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

645
The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
645
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

461
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
461
Teeth01:15

Teeth

406
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
406
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

474
Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
474
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

212
In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
212

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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

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Common Oral Conditions: A Review.

Eric T Stoopler1, Alessandro Villa2, Mohammed Bindakhil3,4

  • 1Penn Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

JAMA
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and aphthous ulcers are common oral issues impacting quality of life. First-line treatments include OTC sialagogues, topical antifungals, and topical corticosteroids, with systemic options for persistent cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are prevalent oral conditions causing significant discomfort and reduced quality of life.
  • These conditions are linked to various factors including medication use, radiation therapy, immunosuppression, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic diseases like Sjögren's and celiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies for dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers.
  • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment for these common oral conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 26 population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies for dry mouth prevalence.
  • Meta-analysis of 6 observational cohorts on dry mouth and oral candidiasis risk.
  • Meta-analyses of case-controlled studies examining genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic associations for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Main Results:

  • Global prevalence of dry mouth symptoms is 23%, increasing oral candidiasis risk by 11.5%.
  • Oral candidiasis is more common in immunosuppressed individuals and associated with antibiotic use.
  • Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is linked to specific gene polymorphisms, nutritional deficiencies (B12, folic acid, ferritin), and celiac disease.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and aphthous ulcers is crucial for patient well-being.
  • First-line treatments involve OTC sialagogues, topical antifungals, and topical corticosteroids, respectively.
  • Systemic medications may be necessary for oral conditions that do not respond to initial therapies.