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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
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Heart Failure Risk Among African-American Women With an ICAM1 Missense Variant.

Prarthana J Dalal1, Pedro Giro2, Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik3

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

JACC. Heart Failure
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ICAM1 rs5491 genetic variant increases heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) risk in African-American women aged 70 and older. This finding highlights age-specific genetic risks for HFpEF.

Keywords:
geneticsheart failure with preserved ejection fractionintercellular adhesion molecule-1rs5491women

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • A common ICAM1 genetic variant (rs5491; p.K56M) is linked to heart failure (HF) hospitalization in African Americans.
  • The specific association of rs5491 with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and its relationship with age in women remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of HF and its subtypes associated with the ICAM1 p.K56M (rs5491) variant.
  • To investigate if age modifies the association between rs5491 and HFpEF risk in African-American women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of African-American women to examine associations between rs5491 and HF subtypes.
  • Evaluated age as a potential modifier of the rs5491-HF hospitalization link.
  • Pooled data from WHI and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) for further analysis.

Main Results:

  • The rs5491 variant was not associated with overall HF risk in the WHI cohort.
  • Age significantly modified the association between rs5491 and HFpEF hospitalization (interaction P=0.04).
  • rs5491 increased HFpEF risk in women aged 70 years and older (HR 1.82; P=0.002), an effect strengthened in the pooled WHI and MESA analysis (interaction P=0.009).

Conclusions:

  • The ICAM1 p.K56M (rs5491) variant is specifically associated with an increased risk of HFpEF in African-American women aged 70 years and older.
  • Age is a critical factor in the genetic susceptibility to HFpEF conferred by rs5491.