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Senescent adipocytes and type 2 diabetes - current knowledge and perspective concepts.

Weronika Kruczkowska1, Julia Gałęziewska1, Mateusz Kciuk2

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is rising globally, linked to aging and lifestyle. Targeting cellular aging in fat tissue offers new anti-diabetic strategies, but more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic diseases
  • Cellular senescence

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing global health concern, driven by factors like aging populations, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyles.
  • T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and adipocyte dysfunction, with cellular senescence playing a significant role.
  • Senescent adipocytes exhibit detrimental properties, including resistance to apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory factors, contributing to a pro-oxidative environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between T2DM and fat tissue senescence.
  • To summarize current adipocyte-related therapeutic strategies for T2DM.
  • To identify future research directions for combating T2DM through senotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on T2DM, adipocyte senescence, and senotherapeutics.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking cellular aging in adipose tissue to T2DM pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of recent findings on senolytics and senomorphics in the context of diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Senescent adipocytes contribute to T2DM by promoting inflammation and insulin resistance.
  • Senotherapies, including senolytics and senomorphics, show potential in opposing T2DM.
  • Further investigation is required to fully understand the impact of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and to optimize therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence in adipose tissue is a key factor in T2DM development and progression.
  • Targeting senescent adipocytes presents a promising avenue for novel anti-diabetic treatments.
  • Continued research into senotherapy mechanisms and consequences is crucial for effective T2DM management.