Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease in elderly in Japan: an administrative claims database
Takuya Uematsu1,2, Shuko Nojiri3,4, Muneaki Ishijima5
1Clinical Translational Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Insights
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, in Japanese adults. This finding highlights KOA as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular events.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Epidemiology
- Public health
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses conditions like ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke.
- The relationship between OA and CVD requires further investigation, particularly concerning specific OA sites and CVD subtypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if osteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- To examine differences in the association between OA and specific CVDs: IHD, CHF, and stroke.
- To assess if OA at different sites (hip, knee, hand) influences CVD risk.
Main Methods:
- A population-based, matched case-control study design was employed.
- Health insurance claims data from Japanese patients aged 65 and older were analyzed.
- Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for CVD risk associated with OA, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- The study included 79,296 patients (39,648 with CVD and 39,648 controls).
- Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) showed a significant association with overall CVD (OR=1.192), IHD (OR=1.187), and stroke (OR=1.221).
- Hip OA and hand OA did not demonstrate a significant association with CVD, IHD, or stroke. No OA site was associated with CHF.
Conclusions:
- This study confirms an association between knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly IHD and stroke.
- The findings suggest that KOA may serve as a predictive factor for CVD onset in the Japanese population.
- Identifying KOA as a CVD risk factor can inform future clinical strategies and patient management.
Objective:
To investigate whether osteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); whether there are differences concerning ischaemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and stroke; and whether there are differences between OA sites (hips, knees and hand) in predicting CVD onset.
Design:
Population-based matched case-control study.
Setting:
Health insurance claims data among Japanese patients.
Participants:
Japanese patients aged ≥65 years with newly diagnosed CVD and hospitalised between January 2015 and December 2020 (cases) and age-matched and sex-matched 1:1 individuals (controls).
Main Outcome Measures:
A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs for CVD, IHD, CHF and stroke risk, adjusting for covariates.
Results:
A total of 79 296 patients were included, with respect to CVD (39 648 patients with newly diagnosed CVD and 39 648 controls). After adjustment for covariates, the exposure odds of knee OA (KOA), hip OA (HipOA) and hand OA (HandOA) for CVD were 1.192 (95% CI 1.115 to 1.274), 1.057 (95% CI 0.919 to 1.215) and 1.035 (95% CI 0.684 to 1.566), respectively, showing an association only for KOA. The exposure odds of KOA, HipOA and HandOA for IHD were 1.187 (95% CI 1.086 to 1.297), 1.078 (95% CI 0.891 to 1.306) and 1.099 (95% CI 0.677 to 1.784), respectively. The exposure odds of KOA, HipOA and HandOA for stroke were 1.221 (95% CI 1.099 to 1.356), 0.918 (95% CI 0.723 to 1.165) and 1.169 (95% CI 0.635 to 2.151), respectively. Similar to CVD, only KOA was associated with both. For CHF, neither KOA nor HipOA and HandOA were associated with CHF development.
Conclusion:
This study confirms the association of KOA with CVD, particularly IHD and stroke, in the Japanese population. The finding that patients with KOA have a higher CVD risk can potentially assist in guiding future treatment strategies.
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