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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Dynamic analysis of geomaterials using microwave sensing.

Jamie Blanche1, Daniel Mitchell2, Junlong Shang3

  • 1James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. jamie.blanche@glasgow.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar offers a novel, non-invasive method for characterizing geomaterials. This technique detects fluid presence, inclusions, and predicts material failure, enhancing subsurface energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Material Science
  • Microwave Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate geomaterial characterization is crucial for subsurface energy extraction, storage, and the net-zero transition.
  • Current methods often require invasive core plug sampling for laboratory analysis.
  • Understanding petrophysics and geomechanics is vital for energy security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, non-invasive technique for geomaterial characterization using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar.
  • To demonstrate the application of K-band FMCW radar for analyzing geomaterials under static and dynamic conditions.
  • To explore the potential of FMCW radar in improving the understanding and modeling of geomaterial dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing K-band FMCW radar for non-invasive sensing of geomaterials.
  • Collecting data through FMCW wave interactions with geomaterials under controlled static and dynamic loading.
  • Analyzing radar signal responses to identify material properties and predict failure.

Main Results:

  • FMCW radar successfully detected fluid presence and differentiated fluid types within geomaterials.
  • The technique identified metallic inclusions and predicted imminent failure in loaded sandstones up to 15 seconds in advance.
  • Demonstrated the capability to monitor geomaterial behavior under dynamic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • FMCW radar presents a low-cost, deployable, and rapid sensing method for geomaterial characterization.
  • This technology offers significant advantages over state-of-the-art systems in terms of data accessibility and speed.
  • The findings provide new insights into geomaterial dynamics and failure prediction, with potential applications in energy sectors.