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Gene Expression Analysis in T2DM and Its Associated Microvascular Diabetic Complications: Focus on Risk Factor and

Laxmipriya Jena1, Prabhsimran Kaur1, Tashvinder Singh1

  • 1Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.

Molecular Neurobiology
|March 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications are linked to altered expression of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) genes. Risk factors like higher BMI and smoking also contribute to T2DM and its microvascular complications.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prolonged hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to microvascular complications affecting kidneys, retina, and nerves.
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in insulin resistance and T2DM-related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between risk factors and RAAS gene expression in T2DM patients.
  • To compare RAAS gene expression in T2DM patients with and without diabetic complications versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 420 subjects: 140 healthy controls, 140 T2DM patients with complications, and 140 T2DM patients without complications.
  • Evaluation of risk factors for T2DM and its complications.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) to analyze the expression of RAAS genes (AGT, ACE, ACE2, AGT1R).

Main Results:

  • Identified risk factors for T2DM and complications include urban living, high BMI, alcoholism, smoking, and family history.
  • Upregulation of AGT, ACE, and AGT1R gene expression observed in T2DM patients (with and without complications) compared to controls.
  • Downregulation of ACE2 gene expression found in T2DM patients (with and without complications) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Altered expression of RAAS pathway genes is associated with the development of microvascular diabetic complications in T2DM.
  • Specific RAAS gene expression patterns may serve as indicators or contributors to diabetic complications.
Keywords:
Microvascular complicationsNephropathyNeuropathyRAASRetinopathyT2DM

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