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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Murine Aortic Crush Injury: An Efficient In Vivo Model of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Endothelial Function
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A decrease in integrin α5β1/FAK is associated with increased apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells in acute type a

Mingming Xue1, Lingyu Xing1, Yilin Yang1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Integrin α5β1 and FAK levels decrease in acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD), leading to increased smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Restoring these factors may offer a therapeutic strategy for AAAD.

Keywords:
Acute type a aortic dissectionApoptosisHuman aortic smooth cellIntegrin α5β

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Isolation of Primary Patient-specific Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Semiquantitative Real-time Contraction Measurements In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Mechanisms of Disease
  • Aortic Pathology

Background:

  • Acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) is a severe condition impacting aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).
  • HASMCs in AAAD show reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis.
  • Integrin α5β1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are key regulators of angiogenesis and cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of integrin α5β1 and FAK in AAAD.
  • To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in human aortic smooth muscle cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of aortic tissue from AAAD patients and organ donors.
  • Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays for apoptosis assessment.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to study integrin α5β1-FAK interaction.
  • Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays following integrin α5β1 manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Significant downregulation of integrin α5β1 and FAK in AAAD tissues.
  • Reduced integrin α5β1-FAK expression markedly increased HASMC apoptosis and decreased proliferation.
  • Evidence suggests a critical role for the integrin α5β1-FAK pathway in AAAD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The downregulation of integrin α5β1-FAK is linked to increased HASMC apoptosis and reduced proliferation in AAAD.
  • Targeting the integrin α5β1-FAK pathway presents a potential therapeutic avenue for AAAD.