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Pulmonary function 3-6 months after acute COVID-19: A systematic review and multicentre cohort study
Merel E B Cornelissen1,2,3, Asabi Leliveld1,2,3, Nadia Baalbaki1,2,3
1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Heliyon
|March 27, 2024
Summary
Pulmonary function tests reveal that a reduced transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is common 3-6 months after COVID-19. Higher age and severe acute infection independently predict lower DLCO in post-COVID-19 patients.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 can cause persistent respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.
- Understanding long-term pulmonary effects is crucial for patient management and recovery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize pulmonary function 3-6 months post-acute COVID-19.
- To identify predictors of reduced lung function.
- To synthesize existing literature on COVID-19's pulmonary impact.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and cohort study (P4O2 COVID-19 cohort) of 95 patients (aged 40-65).
- Pulmonary function tests (spirometry, DLCO) performed 3-6 months post-infection.
- Linear regression analyses to identify predictors of impaired PFTs.
Main Results:
- 40.2% of patients had reduced DLCO, while 24.4% had reduced forced vital capacity (FVC).
- Higher age and severe acute infection were independently associated with decreased DLCO.
- Literature review identified oxygen use, female sex, hospitalization, obesity, and age as associated with lower DLCO.
Conclusions:
- Reduced DLCO is more prevalent than reduced FVC in the 3-6 month post-COVID-19 period.
- Age and severity of acute infection are key predictors of persistent DLCO impairment.
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