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Causality between allergic diseases and kidney diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Zhe Peng1,2, Xinyu Dong3, Yingxin Long4
1The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background:
Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests that the allergic diseases (ADs) are associated with kidney diseases (KDs). However, the causal association between them remains to be determined. We used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the potential causality between them.
Methods:
Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode methods are used to evaluate the causality between ADs and KDs. Sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses were used to ensure the stability of the results.
Results:
The MR results indicated that genetic susceptibility to ADs was associated with a higher risk of CKD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.124, 95% CI = 1.020-1.239, p = 0.019] and unspecified kidney failure (OR = 1.170, 95% CI = 1.004-1.363, p = 0.045) but not with kidney stone, ureter stone or bladder stone (OR = 1.001, 95% CI = 1.000-1.002, p = 0.216), other renal or kidney problem (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 1.000-1.001, p = 0.339), urinary tract or kidney infection (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.999-1.001, p = 0.604), kidney volume (OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.960-1.033, p = 0.812) and cyst of kidney (OR = 0.914, 95% CI = 0.756-1.105, p = 0.354). No causal evidence of KDs on ADs was found in present study.
Conclusion:
Results from MR analysis indicate a causal association between ADs and CKD and unspecified kidney failure. These findings partly suggest that early monitoring of CKD risk in patients with ADs is intentional.
Insights
Allergic diseases (ADs) causally increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Kidney diseases (KDs) do not appear to cause allergic diseases (ADs).
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Observational studies and clinical trials suggest a link between allergic diseases (ADs) and kidney diseases (KDs).
- The causal relationship between ADs and KDs has not been definitively established.
- This study investigates the potential causality using Mendelian randomization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential causal association between allergic diseases (ADs) and various kidney diseases (KDs).
- To determine if ADs increase the risk of developing KDs.
- To assess if KDs influence the risk of developing ADs.
Main Methods:
- Utilized bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
- Employed publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets.
- Applied multiple statistical methods including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and Weighted Median, alongside sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.
Main Results:
- Genetic susceptibility to ADs was significantly associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.124) and unspecified kidney failure (OR = 1.170).
- No significant causal association was found between ADs and kidney stones, ureter stones, bladder stones, or other specified kidney problems.
- No evidence of a causal effect of KDs on ADs was detected in this study.
Conclusions:
- Mendelian randomization analysis indicates a causal link between allergic diseases (ADs) and an elevated risk of CKD and kidney failure.
- These findings suggest the importance of monitoring CKD risk in individuals with ADs.
- Further research may elucidate the underlying mechanisms connecting ADs and CKD progression.
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