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Predicting Early Cochlear Implant Performance: Can Cognitive Testing Help?

Natalie Schauwecker¹, Terrin N Tamati^1,2, Aaron C Moberly¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Otology & Neurotology Open

|March 27, 2024

Summary

Working memory capacity predicts early cochlear implant (CI) success. This finding in adults suggests targeted cognitive assessments may improve preoperative counseling for CI candidates.

Keywords:

Cochlear implant Cognition Outcomes Speech recognition

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Speech recognition varies significantly among adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients.
Early CI performance is influenced by neural plasticity, but cognitive factors are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of preoperative cognitive function on very early speech recognition outcomes in postlingually deafened adults receiving cochlear implants.

Main Methods:

A prospective study assessed 15 adult CI candidates using cognitive tests (MMSE, digit span, Stroop, word reading) preoperatively.
Speech recognition was evaluated at 1 and 3 months post-implantation using CNC words, AZBio sentences in quiet, and AZBio sentences in noise.

Main Results:

Forward digit span showed strong correlations with 1-month AZBio scores in quiet and noise (P ≤ 0.001).
Forward digit span also strongly predicted 3-month AZBio scores in noise (P ≤ 0.001).
Working memory capacity significantly predicted early sentence recognition, unlike other cognitive measures.

Conclusions:

Working memory capacity is a significant predictor of early cochlear implant speech recognition.
These findings differ from studies on longer-term outcomes and may inform preoperative counseling and patient selection for closer monitoring.