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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
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Altered ocular surface microbiota in obesity: a case-control study.

Chenghong Liang1,2, Limin Wang1,2, Xiudan Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Obesity alters the eye

Keywords:
cytochrome P450lipid metabolismobesityocular surface microbiotaoligomerization domain-like receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Metagenomics

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health concern.
  • The ocular surface microbiome's role in health and disease is increasingly recognized.
  • Limited research exists on the ocular surface microbiota in individuals with obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize the ocular surface microbiota composition in patients with obesity.
  • To compare the ocular surface microbiota between obese individuals and healthy controls.
  • To identify potential functional implications of microbial differences.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study involving 35 patients with obesity and 35 healthy controls.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze bacterial composition.
  • Functional prediction analysis was performed using PICRUSt2.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in alpha diversity (richness/evenness) were observed.
  • Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in microbiota composition between groups.
  • Increased relative abundance of specific bacteria (e.g., Delftia, Cutibacterium, Porphyromonas) in obese patients.
  • Predictive analysis indicated enhanced xenobiotic metabolism (CYP450), lipid metabolism, and NOD-like receptor signaling in obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with obesity possess a distinct ocular surface core microbiome.
  • Microbial variations correlate with altered metabolic pathways, including CYP450 activity, lipid metabolism, and NOD-like receptor signaling.