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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
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Electronic Media Use and Sleep Quality: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Increased electronic media use, including smartphones and online games, is linked to poorer sleep quality. This effect is more pronounced in Eastern cultures compared to Western ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Digital Media Studies

Background:

  • Electronic media use is widely associated with negative impacts on sleep quality.
  • Previous meta-analyses have limitations in comprehensively analyzing this relationship.
  • Digital media encompasses various forms like smartphones, online games, and social media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze and compare the effects of different digital media types on sleep quality.
  • To investigate the relationship between general and problematic electronic media use and sleep outcomes.
  • To explore cultural differences in the impact of electronic media on sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic meta-analysis adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Literature search across multiple databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar) from January 2018 to October 2023.
  • Calculation of effect sizes using correlation coefficients; assessment of publication bias using funnel plots and p-curve tests.

Main Results:

  • Analysis included 55 papers (41,716 participants) from over 20 countries.
  • Both general and problematic electronic media use were significantly associated with decreased sleep quality and increased sleep problems.
  • Problematic internet use showed the highest effect size (r=0.51), followed by general smartphone use (r=0.33). Cultural differences were significant, with stronger effects observed in Eastern cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Confirms a significant correlation between increased electronic media use and poorer sleep outcomes.
  • Highlights that problematic internet use and general smartphone use have substantial negative impacts on sleep.
  • Emphasizes the greater impact of electronic media on sleep quality in Eastern cultural contexts.