Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cortical dynamics of icon perception: effects of concreteness and attractiveness.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

Neural signatures of automatic letter-speech sound integration in literate adults.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Lateralization of Hippocampal Dentate Spikes and Sharp-Wave Ripples in Urethane Anesthetized Rats Depends on Cholinergic Tone.

Hippocampus·2025
Same author

Dynamic changes in electrical brain activity during passive learning of foreign speech sound discrimination.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025
Same author

Exploring the role of emotions and conversation content in interpersonal synchrony: A case study of a couple therapy session.

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research·2024
Same author

CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation occurs regardless of respiration and cardiac cycle phases in urethane-anesthetized rats.

Hippocampus·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

23.7K

Cardiorespiratory rhythm-contingent trace eyeblink conditioning in elderly adults.

Praghajieeth Raajhen Santhana Gopalan1, Weiyong Xu1, Tomi Waselius1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cardiorespiratory rhythm phases influence learning in elderly adults. While training at expiration-diastole (EXP-DIA) did not increase learning rates, those who learned showed improved performance compared to inspiration-systole (INS-SYS) training.

Keywords:
agingheartbeatlearningrespiration

More Related Videos

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
19:57

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published on: August 5, 2017

8.4K
Whisker-signaled Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Head-fixed Mice
10:14

Whisker-signaled Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Head-fixed Mice

Published on: March 30, 2016

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

23.7K
The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
19:57

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published on: August 5, 2017

8.4K
Whisker-signaled Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Head-fixed Mice
10:14

Whisker-signaled Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Head-fixed Mice

Published on: March 30, 2016

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Learning is influenced by attention to stimuli.
  • Cardiorespiratory rhythm phases may impact learning efficiency.
  • Previous research indicated expiration-diastole (EXP-DIA) benefits trace eyeblink conditioning (TEBC) in young adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if EXP-DIA phase benefits TEBC in healthy elderly adults (>70 yr).
  • To compare learning outcomes between EXP-DIA and inspiration-systole (INS-SYS) training groups.
  • To assess if cardiorespiratory phase training affects the proportion of elderly learners.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy elderly adults (n=50) were trained in TEBC, with stimuli presented during either INS-SYS or EXP-DIA phases.
  • Learned responses were defined as conditioned responses (CRs) preceding an unconditioned stimulus.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) measured brain responses; questionnaires assessed memory and awareness.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in brain responses, CR acquisition, or awareness between INS-SYS and EXP-DIA groups.
  • Among participants who learned, those trained at EXP-DIA (n=11) showed more CRs than those trained at INS-SYS (n=13).
  • The proportion of participants classified as learners did not differ between the two training groups.

Conclusions:

  • Training at a specific cardiorespiratory phase (EXP-DIA vs. INS-SYS) did not increase the likelihood of elderly individuals learning TEBC.
  • For elderly individuals who successfully learned TEBC, performance (number of CRs) was enhanced when trained during the EXP-DIA phase.
  • Findings suggest potential for performance optimization in elderly learners, but not for increasing learning acquisition rates via cardiorespiratory phase manipulation.