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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Application of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Combined with Intraoperative Microwave Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
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Microwave coagulation for liver metastases.

Dawid Storman1, Mateusz J Swierz1, Jerzy W Mitus2

  • 1Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|March 27, 2024
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Summary

Microwave ablation for liver metastases shows uncertain benefits compared to other treatments. More high-quality trials are needed to determine its effectiveness and safety for secondary hepatic malignancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Liver metastases are more common than primary liver cancer, with limited long-term survival after resection.
  • Microwave coagulation (MC) is an option for unresectable liver metastases, using electromagnetic waves for ablation.
  • Evaluating MC's benefits and harms against other treatments is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of microwave coagulation (MC) for liver metastases.
  • Comparisons include no intervention, other ablation methods, and systemic treatments.
  • The study aims to provide evidence for patients with secondary hepatic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using Cochrane search methods.
  • Primary outcomes: all-cause mortality, quality of life, and adverse events.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment followed Cochrane procedures; GRADE methodology used for evidence certainty.

Main Results:

  • Three RCTs met inclusion criteria; meta-analysis was not possible due to differing comparators.
  • Trials were at high risk of bias, with very low certainty of evidence for most outcomes.
  • Limited data reported; comparisons included MC + TACE vs. TACE, MC vs. surgery, and MC vs. RFA, with inconclusive findings.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence regarding microwave ablation (MC) for liver metastases is very uncertain.
  • Insufficient data exists to determine MC's efficacy compared to conventional TACE, surgery, or radiofrequency ablation.
  • High-quality RCTs are essential to establish the comparative benefits and risks of MC for liver metastases.