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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Systematic scoping review: Use of the faecal immunochemical test residual buffer to enhance colorectal cancer

Timothy McAuliffe1, Joseph C Anderson1,2, Robin J Larson1,3

  • 1Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) can be improved for colorectal cancer screening by analyzing residual buffer biomarkers. This review identifies proteins, DNA/RNA, and microbiome markers for enhanced detection.

Keywords:
cancer – diagnosiscolorectal cancerdiagnostic testslarge intestinemicrobiomeoncology – Diagnosisscreening

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery
  • Colorectal cancer screening
  • Non-invasive diagnostics

Background:

  • Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a cost-effective colorectal cancer screening tool.
  • Single FIT has limitations in detecting colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.
  • Residual buffer from FIT contains potential biomarkers for enhanced neoplasia detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a framework for cataloging candidate biomarkers in FIT residual buffer.
  • To enhance non-invasive colorectal cancer screening methods.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar) up to October 2023.
  • Inclusion of studies using quantitative FIT with home-based collection samples, excluding haemoglobin.
  • Systematic review with single author review and 20% full-text audit for eligibility.

Main Results:

  • Identified 18 relevant studies from 1669 initial records.
  • Multiple biomarkers (protein, DNA/RNA, microbiome) associated with colorectal neoplasia, including haptoglobin and various microRNAs (e.g., miR-16, miR-27a-3p).
  • Biomarker stability (short-term for clinical use, long-term for research) was highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Summarizes a framework for researching FIT residual buffer biomarkers.
  • Highlights research progress on biomarker stability and associations with colorectal neoplasia.
  • Guides future studies to improve colorectal cancer screening efficacy.