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Additive Manufacturing of Wet-Spun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-Based Scaffolds Loaded with

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This study developed novel bone tissue engineering scaffolds using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blended with hydroxyapatite (HA). These composite scaffolds show promising mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration.

Keywords:
3D printingMC3T3‐E1 cellsbone tissue engineeringcomposite materialsosteoinductive materialspolyhydroxyalkanoatespolymeric blends

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Bone tissue defects require advanced therapeutic strategies like tissue engineering.
  • Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) offer biocompatibility and processing versatility for scaffold development.
  • Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising PHA for bone regeneration applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using PHBV.
  • To incorporate hydroxyapatite (HA) into PHBV scaffolds to enhance osteoinductivity and mechanical strength.
  • To explore blending PHBV with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to improve scaffold processability.

Main Methods:

  • Computer-aided wet-spinning technique for scaffold fabrication.
  • Incorporation of varying percentages of hydroxyapatite (HA) up to 15% wt.
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • In vitro assessment of cell viability and extracellular matrix production using MC3T3-E1 cells.

Main Results:

  • PHBV/PLGA composite scaffolds with up to 15% HA maintained interconnected porous architecture.
  • Morphological and thermal properties of the polymer matrix were preserved.
  • HA loading significantly increased scaffold compressive stiffness, matching trabecular bone.
  • Enhanced in vitro cell viability and mineralized extracellular matrix production were observed with HA-loaded scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Developed PHBV-based composite scaffolds demonstrate suitable mechanical properties for bone engineering.
  • Hydroxyapatite incorporation enhances the biological activity and mechanical performance of the scaffolds.
  • The study suggests the potential of these novel composite scaffolds for effective bone tissue regeneration.