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Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

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Published on: May 4, 2021

Indoor Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Virus by Liquid Hyperoxygen.

Giovanni Barco¹, Zumama Khalid², Alessandra Pulliero²

¹Istituto Internazionale Barco SpA, 56121 Pisa, Italy.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 27, 2024

Summary

A novel oxidant preparation, liquid hyperoxygen (IOL), effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by oxidation. This safe and potent chemoprophylaxis shows promise for preventing future COVID-19 outbreaks.

Keywords:

COVID-19 infection SARS-CoV-2 virus environmental disinfection oxidative cure prevention

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

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Published on: June 21, 2022

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

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Published on: April 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Virology
Oxidative Medicine
Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitate novel chemoprophylaxis strategies.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus exhibits sensitivity to oxidation due to its spike protein's positive charge.
Current immune-prophylaxis measures require complementary approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of liquid hyperoxygen (IOL) in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
To determine IOL's potential as a chemoprophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
To assess the mechanism of action and cellular safety of IOL.

Main Methods:

Incubation of SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs with IOL.
Exposure of IOL-treated samples to ACE2 receptor-expressing cells.
Quantification of viral nucleic acid via PCR to determine neutralization efficacy.
In vitro and in vivo skin models to assess IOL's safety on eukaryotic cells.

Main Results:

IOL completely inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection at significant dilutions.
Neutralization occurred rapidly, within 5 to 30 minutes of incubation.
The inhibitory effect is attributed to IOL's oxidizing capacity.
IOL demonstrated no damage to eukaryotic cells in vitro or in vivo.

Conclusions:

Liquid hyperoxygen (IOL) is a powerful, safe, and effective tool for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.
IOL's oxidizing properties offer a novel mechanism for viral inactivation.
This chemoprophylaxis approach holds potential for preventing future COVID-19 outbreaks.