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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

89
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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A Direct Comparison of Three Screening Methods for Autism Spectrum Disorder in a High-Likelihood Sibling Population.

Chui Mae Wong1,2,3,4, Nurhafizah Mohd Zambri5, Hui Hua Fan5

  • 1Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore. wong.chui.mae@singhealth.com.sg.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted autism screening in high-risk children using the M-CHAT-R/F, ASDetect, and SACS-R showed a 22.7% detection rate. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) demonstrated the best sensitivity, especially at 12 months.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderClinical researchInternational perspectivePaediatricsScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric developmental disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostics
  • Early childhood screening

Background:

  • Targeted screening is recommended for children at high likelihood of autism.
  • Existing autism screening tools are often validated in low-likelihood populations, limiting their effectiveness in high-risk groups.
  • Accurate and sensitive screening tools are crucial for early identification and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of three autism screening tools: the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), ASDetect, and Social Attention and Communication Surveillance, Revised (SACS-R).
  • To evaluate the performance of these tools in a high-likelihood population (siblings of autistic children) at different developmental stages (12, 18, and 30 months).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 189 siblings of autistic children were screened at 12, 18, and 30 months using M-CHAT-R/F, ASDetect, and SACS-R.
  • Caregivers completed M-CHAT-R/F and ASDetect; trained nurses administered SACS-R.
  • A subset of participants underwent Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) assessment at 36-48 months for diagnostic confirmation.

Main Results:

  • The M-CHAT-R/F showed the highest sensitivity (0.72-0.83) across all ages, particularly at 12 months, despite not being validated for this age.
  • Specificity for M-CHAT-R/F was lower (0.55-0.77) compared to ASDetect and SACS-R.
  • ASDetect and SACS-R demonstrated better positive predictive values (0.60-0.68) at 18 and 30 months than M-CHAT-R/F (0.43-0.48).
  • All tools exhibited high negative predictive values (0.78-0.93).
  • Targeted screening identified autism in 22.7% of the high-likelihood cohort.

Conclusions:

  • The M-CHAT-R/F is a sensitive tool for early autism detection in high-risk infants, even at 12 months.
  • Routine implementation of targeted screening in high-likelihood populations can significantly improve early autism detection rates.
  • Further research is needed to optimize autism screening tools for high-risk populations.