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The decrease in alcohol consumption and suicide rate during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association.

Agnus M Kim1, Jin-Seok Lee2

  • 1Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic saw decreased adult suicide rates linked to reduced alcohol consumption. This highlights alcohol reduction as a key suicide prevention strategy, especially during public health crises.

Keywords:
Alcohol consumptionAlcohol useCOVID-19PandemicSuicideUnemployment

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered alcohol consumption patterns globally.
  • The specific impact of these changes on suicide rates, particularly in relation to alcohol, remained unstudied.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between changes in suicide rates and alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To determine if this association was specific to suicides compared to other mortality causes.
  • To inform suicide prevention strategies by examining the role of alcohol.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative interrupted time series (CITS) analysis was employed.
  • Data included suicide rates (adults 19-60 and minors 19 and under), cancer death rates, and alcohol consumption per capita.
  • The study compared trends during the pandemic (2020-2021) with pre-pandemic data, adjusting for time trends and COVID-19 effects.

Main Results:

  • Adult suicide rates and alcohol consumption per capita decreased during the pandemic.
  • Suicide rates in individuals aged 19 and under and cancer death rates increased.
  • The CITS model indicated that decreased alcohol consumption was associated with decreased adult suicide rates, even after adjusting for pandemic-related factors.

Conclusions:

  • The observed decrease in adult suicides in Korea during the pandemic was significantly associated with reduced alcohol use.
  • Alcohol serves as a potent trigger for suicide, underscoring the importance of consumption reduction.
  • These findings advocate for intensified efforts to decrease alcohol consumption as a primary suicide prevention measure.