Influence of boundary layer jets on the vertical distribution of ozone in Guangdong, China

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) characteristics during ozone (O₃) episodes in China have been extensively studied; however, knowledge of the impact of boundary layer jets (BLJs) on O₃ vertical distribution is limited. This study conducted a field campaign from 1 to 8 December 2020 to examine the vertical structure of the O₃ concentration and wind velocity within the boundary layer at two sites (Foshan: FS, Maoming: MM) in Guangdong. Utilising lidar observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), distinct spatial distribution patterns of O₃ over FS and MM influenced by BLJs were identified. The BLJs at both locations exhibited pronounced diurnal variations with a nocturnal maximum exceeding 11 m/s at a height of approximately 500 m. The nocturnal enhancement of BLJs resulted from inertial oscillations coupled with diurnal thermal forcing over sloping terrain. A stronger BLJ at FS induced an evident uplift of O₃ and the prevailing northeasterly wind facilitated the transport of O₃ in the nocturnal residual layer from FS to MM. After sunrise, surface heating and the development of the PBL caused the air mass with elevated O₃ levels in the residual layer to descend to ground level. At MM, calm surface winds, a weaker BLJ at 500 m height, and strong downdrafts collectively contributed to a significant increase in surface O₃ concentration in subsequent days. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interactions between BLJs and variations in surface air pollutant concentrations, thereby providing important insights for future regional emissions control measures.