Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

149
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
149
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.3K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.3K
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

102
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
102
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

182
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
182
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

995
Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
995
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

158
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
158

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical validation of respiratory outcomes for a patch-based polysomnography system.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Nocturnal hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hypoventilation: from pathophysiology to measurement and treatment.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2026
Same author

High night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnea severity is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Sleep·2026
Same author

Trajectories of lung recovery following COVID-19 in a prospective multicentric cohort study: Impact of sleep apnea and its treatment by continuous positive airway pressure.

Pulmonology·2026
Same author

Reply on behalf of the European Respiratory Society and European Sleep Research Society task force.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

Health trajectories of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis before and after initiation of non-invasive ventilation: a French nationwide database analysis.

Thorax·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.8K

Central sleep apnoea: not just one phenotype.

Winfried Randerath1, Sébastien Baillieul2, Renaud Tamisier2

  • 1Bethanien Hospital, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Institute of Pneumology at the University of Cologne, Solingen, Germany randerath@klinik-bethanien.de.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Recent research differentiates central sleep apnoea (CSA) phenotypes, improving individualized therapies. Understanding CSA pathophysiology, including loop gain and breathing regulation, guides treatment for conditions like heart failure.

More Related Videos

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.6K
Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.8K
Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.6K
Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) research has identified diverse phenotypes, prompting similar investigations into central sleep apnoea (CSA).
  • Growing evidence highlights CSA's heterogeneity in etiology, pathophysiology, treatment response, and outcomes.
  • Phenotypic classification of CSA is crucial for developing individualized therapeutic strategies.

Approach:

  • Reviewing current scientific literature on CSA pathophysiology, including loop gain, apnoeic threshold, breathing regulation, and neuromuscular mechanics.
  • Examining the role of chronic heart failure as a primary driver of nonhypercapnic CSA.
  • Synthesizing knowledge on prognostic aspects to guide treatment indications, pharmacotherapy, and invasive options.

Key Points:

  • CSA exhibits significant heterogeneity, necessitating precise phenotyping for effective management.
  • Key pathophysiological factors include elevated loop gain and altered breathing control mechanisms.
  • Chronic heart failure is a major contributor to specific CSA phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate phenotyping of CSA enables personalized treatment selection, improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate CSA pathophysiology and optimize therapeutic interventions.
  • Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) plays a role in CSA management, with ongoing evaluation of its efficacy.