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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Use of Frozen Tissue in the Comet Assay for the Evaluation of DNA Damage

Use of Frozen Tissue in the Comet Assay for the Evaluation of DNA Damage

Published on: March 24, 2020

The comet assay as a method for assessing dna damage in cryopreserved samples.

B P Plitta-Michalak¹, A Ramos², D Stepien³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland. beata.plitta-michalak@uwm.edu.pl.

|March 27, 2024

Summary

The comet assay is a sensitive method for assessing DNA damage and repair in cells. It is crucial for optimizing cryopreservation protocols in both animal and plant research, despite challenges in plant applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Use of Frozen Tissue in the Comet Assay for the Evaluation of DNA Damage

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cryobiology

Background:

Nuclear genome integrity is vital for cellular and organismal health.
DNA is constantly threatened by endogenous and environmental factors.
The comet assay is a sensitive method for detecting DNA damage and repair.

Approach:

This review details the comet assay's principles, variations, and applications.
It examines the assay's utility in cryopreservation protocols for animals and plants.
Challenges in applying the comet assay to plant cryopreservation are discussed.

Key Points:

The comet assay is a versatile tool for assessing DNA integrity in diverse organisms.
It is essential for developing effective cryopreservation strategies, guiding choices on cryoprotectants and storage.
While a gold standard in animal research, plant applications require adaptations due to cellular differences.

Conclusions:

The comet assay is instrumental in advancing cryopreservation science.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges in plant sample cryopreservation using this method.
Optimizing DNA integrity assessment is key to successful long-term preservation of biological specimens.