Comparative metabolomics reveals serum metabolites changes in goats during different developmental stages

Goats can provide meat, milk and skins for humans and are livestock with high economic benefits. However, despite their economic significance, the comprehensive analysis of goats' serum metabolic profile and its intricate alterations throughout their developmental journey remains conspicuously absent. To investigate the stage-specificity and dynamic change characteristics of metabolites during the growth and development of goats, this study compared the alterations in serum hormone levels and serum biochemical markers across different developmental stages of female goats (1, 60, 120 and 180 days old; n = 5). Additionally, a serum untargeted LC-MS metabolomics analysis was conducted. A total of 504 DAMs were identified with age. The results indicated that PE, PC, Lyso-PE, Lyso-PC and FAFHA may play important roles in lipid metabolism in goats after birth. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified two metabolite modules (Turquoise and Yellow) and key metabolites within these modules that were significantly associated with phenotypic features. L-carnitine may be a metabolite related to muscle development in goats. The findings of this study demonstrate notable variations in serum metabolites across distinct developmental phases in goats. Lipids and organic acids play important roles in different developmental stages of goats.