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Global warming is accelerating Earth's rotation, necessitating a negative leap second by 2029. This unprecedented event will disrupt computer networks and impact Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)keeping.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Geophysics
  • Timekeeping

Background:

  • Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is tied to Earth's rotation but requires leap seconds due to rotational variations.
  • Since 1972, leap seconds have been added to UTC, complicating computer network synchronization.
  • Earth's rotation rate is not constant, influenced by factors like ice melt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of accelerated polar ice melt on Earth's angular velocity.
  • To predict future Earth orientation and its effect on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
  • To assess the implications of these changes for computer network timing.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing satellite gravity data to measure ice melt in Greenland and Antarctica.
  • Calculating Earth's angular velocity and separating the effects of ice melt.
  • Modeling future Earth orientation based on observed trends.

Main Results:

  • Increased ice melt has significantly decreased Earth's angular velocity.
  • The Earth's liquid core's angular velocity has been decreasing at a constant rate since 1972.
  • This differential rotation is increasing the angular velocity of the rest of the Earth.
  • Future projections indicate a need for a negative leap second by 2029.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated polar ice melt due to global warming is directly impacting Earth's rotation and timekeeping.
  • A negative leap second will be required by 2029, posing a significant challenge for computer networks.
  • Early adjustments to UTC may be necessary to mitigate timing disruptions.