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Updated: Jun 29, 2025
06:58
Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
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Longitudinal normative standards for cognitive tests and composites using harmonized data from two Wisconsin
Erin M Jonaitis1,2, Bruce P Hermann3, Kimberly D Mueller4,5
1Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Summary
New Alzheimer's disease (AD) norms detect early cognitive changes. Longitudinal standards, developed using quantile regression, show lower scores in individuals with impairment or AD biomarkers, aiding early detection.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Current cognitive norms often fail to detect early, preclinical dementia changes.
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) research requires sensitive measures for early detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate demographically adjusted, cross-sectional, and longitudinal normative standards for cognitive measures.
- To create standards sensitive to preclinical cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Main Methods:
- Combined data from two AD risk-enriched cohorts (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center).
- Utilized quantile regression to establish unconditional (cross-sectional) and conditional (longitudinal) normative standards for 18 cognitive outcomes in cognitively unimpaired participants (N=1390).
- Conducted validity analyses (N=2456) assessing percentile scores against cognitive status and AD biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Both cross-sectional and longitudinal percentile scores were lower in individuals with consensus-based cognitive impairment or positive AD biomarkers.
- Higher quantitative AD biomarker levels correlated with lower percentile scores, indicating cognitive decline.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully developed normative standards for cognitive measures sensitive to preclinical AD-related changes.
- Future research will focus on the clinical utility of these longitudinal normative standards for early AD detection.
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