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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
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Auditory Processing and Speech-Sound Disorders.

Konstantinos Drosos1, Alexandra Papanicolaou2, Louiza Voniati1

  • 1School of Sciences, Speech and Language Pathology, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus.

Brain Sciences
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with speech-sound disorders (SSD) and auditory processing disorders (APD) show deficits in temporal processing and metalinguistic skills. This review highlights the need for better diagnostic tools for these interconnected conditions.

Keywords:
assessmentauditory processingcomorbiditylanguagephonological awarenessspeech-sound disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Childhood communication disorders
  • Auditory neuroscience
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Speech-sound disorders (SSD) are associated with auditory processing difficulties.
  • Auditory processing disorders (APD) impact phonological awareness and literacy.
  • No prior systematic reviews have examined psychophysiology and language assessments for co-occurring SSD and APD in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review psychophysiology and language assessment findings in children with both SSD and APD.
  • To identify patterns in cognitive, metalinguistic, and temporal processing skills.
  • To inform diagnostic and intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across PubMed, Medline EBSCO, and Scopus.
  • Inclusion of studies on children with diagnosed or suspected APD and SSD.
  • Methodological quality assessment using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies met the inclusion criteria.
  • Children with APD and SSD demonstrated reduced accuracy and slower reaction times in temporal tasks.
  • SSD was linked to lower performance in discriminating, sequencing, and recalling rapid auditory stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between SSD severity and APD, potentially explaining deficits in metalinguistic skills.
  • The findings support the development of targeted diagnostic assessments for identifying children with both conditions.
  • Improved identification can lead to more effective, tailored interventions.