Eosinophilic Myocarditis: From Bench to Bedside.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Myocarditis is a diverse and dangerous heart condition with varied clinical presentations.
• Eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare form characterized by eosinophil infiltration of the myocardium, often linked to peripheral eosinophilia.
• This condition can range from mild to severe, potentially leading to myocardial necrosis, thrombosis, fibrosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge on eosinophilic myocarditis.
• To outline a practical and schematic approach for diagnosing and evaluating eosinophilic myocarditis.
• To guide the therapeutic strategies for managing eosinophilic myocarditis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on eosinophilic myocarditis.
• Synthesis of information on etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria.
• Development of a practical diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.

Main Results:

• Identified hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, cancer, hyper-eosinophilic syndromes, and infections as leading causes.
• Highlighted the potential for severe complications including myocardial necrosis, thrombotic events, and endomyocardial fibrosis.
• Emphasized the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy and poor prognosis in some cases.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis and thorough evaluation are critical for effective management of eosinophilic myocarditis.
• A structured approach is necessary to address the complexities of this rare cardiac condition.
• This review serves as a practical resource for clinicians managing patients with eosinophilic myocarditis.