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The Relationship between Executive Functions and Body Weight: Sex as a Moderating Variable.

Ciro Rosario Ilardi1, Antonietta Monda2, Alessandro Iavarone3

  • 1IRCCS SDN-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, SYNLAB Istituto di Diagnostica Nucleare, 80143 Napoli, Italy.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functions impact body weight differently in men and women, with higher cognitive function linked to lower waist circumference in women. Waist circumference is a more effective measure than Body Mass Index for these analyses.

Keywords:
Body Mass Indexexecutive functionsmoderation analysisobesitysex differenceswaist circumference

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial for cognitive control and decision-making.
  • Body weight is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.
  • Previous research has explored links between cognition and obesity, but often overlooks sex differences and methodological choices in measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between executive functions and body weight, considering sex as a biological factor.
  • To compare the efficacy of Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in assessing these relationships.
  • To determine if sex moderates the association between executive function and body weight.

Main Methods:

  • 386 participants (222 female, mean age 45.98) provided sociodemographic, anthropometric (BMI, WC), and executive function data.
  • Executive functions were assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery-15 (FAB15).
  • Statistical analyses examined the interplay between executive functions, sex, BMI, and WC.

Main Results:

  • Waist circumference (WC) proved more effective than Body Mass Index (BMI) in revealing associations between executive functions, sex, and body weight.
  • A significant moderating effect of sex was observed: women with higher executive function had lower WCs compared to men.
  • Executive function appears to have a more pronounced impact on waist circumference in women than in men.

Conclusions:

  • Sex significantly moderates the relationship between executive function and body weight, particularly when using waist circumference as the measure.
  • Higher executive functioning is associated with lower waist circumference in women, suggesting a stronger protective effect in this group.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex psychobiological and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits and weight gain, accounting for sex differences.