Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

75
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
75
Retarders01:19

Retarders

68
Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
68
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

84
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
84
Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

112
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
112
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

94
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
94
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Estimating absenteeism associated with alcohol, illicit substance, and tobacco use: A nationally representative study of Australian workers.

The International journal on drug policy·2026
Same author

Same-Day Discharge After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Who, When, and How?

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions·2026
Same author

PMI's 2025 results for cigarette shipments debunk 'smoke-free world' rhetoric.

Tobacco control·2026
Same author

A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research on stakeholder views on commercial tobacco endgame goals and policies.

The International journal on drug policy·2026
Same author

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch in Patients Undergoing TAVI with Large Aortic Annuli.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Genomic Prediction of Disease Resistance Provides a Path to Marker Assisted Restoration in a Wetland Foundation Tree Species.

Molecular ecology·2026
Same journal

Correction: Yang et al. Microstructural Characteristics of High-Pressure Die Casting with High Strength-Ductility Synergy Properties: A Review. <i>Materials</i> 2023, <i>16</i>, 1954.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Effect of La and Ce Microalloying on the Corrosion Resistance of 0.4Sb Low-Alloy Steel in a Harsh Marine Atmospheric Environment.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

High-Temperature Properties of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Cement Modified with Gold Tailings.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

A Study on the Evolution of Intermetallic Phase Microstructure and High-Temperature Creep Behavior in Mg-8.0Al-1.0Nd-1.5Gd-Mn Alloys.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Material-Driven Clinical Complications in Mechanical Circulatory Support: From Blood-Material Interactions to Device-Related Adverse Events.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Influence of Final Irrigation on Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Dentinal Tubular Penetration: A Systematic Review.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
06:45

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Published on: September 18, 2018

8.6K

Advanced Solid Geopolymer Formulations for Refractory Applications.

Shaik Hussain1, Sudhir Amritphale1, John Matthews1

  • 1Trenchless Technology Center, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced solid geopolymer formulations demonstrate exceptional high-temperature performance, retaining significant mechanical strength after exposure to 1100 °C. These water-activated materials show promise for demanding refractory applications.

Keywords:
advanced solid geopolymercompressive strengthrefractorythermal fatigue resistance

More Related Videos

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
06:53

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

14.4K
Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components
08:43

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

Published on: January 11, 2019

17.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
06:45

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Published on: September 18, 2018

8.6K
Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
06:53

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

14.4K
Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components
08:43

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

Published on: January 11, 2019

17.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Ceramics Engineering
  • Geopolymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional cement exhibits limitations in high-temperature applications due to thermal degradation and spalling.
  • Refractory materials require enhanced mechanical stability and fire resistance under extreme conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the high-temperature performance of novel solid geopolymer formulations for refractory applications.
  • To compare the properties of water-activated solid geopolymers with traditional liquid alkaline geopolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated geopolymer formulations using fly ash as a precursor and potassium hydroxide/silicate as activators.
  • Incorporated mullite and alumina as refractory aggregates in the geopolymer matrix.
  • Tested compressive strength up to 1100 °C and subjected samples to thermal cycling (1100 °C).

Main Results:

  • Solid geopolymer formulations with mullite and alumina aggregates retained 84 MPa and 64 MPa compressive strength post-1100 °C.
  • Mullite-based geopolymer achieved 115.2 MPa after four thermal cycles; demonstrated fatigue resistance.
  • Observed strength reduction at 600 °C (viscous sintering) followed by strength increase at 1100 °C (phase transformation).

Conclusions:

  • Advanced solid geopolymer formulations offer superior refractory properties compared to conventional materials.
  • The formation of crystalline phases (leucite, sanidine, annite) at high temperatures contributes to enhanced mechanical strength.
  • Water-activated solid geopolymers represent a promising alternative for high-temperature refractory applications.