Zosuquidar: An Effective Molecule for Intracellular Ca²⁺ Measurement in P-gp Positive Cells

Intracellular calcium, as a second messenger, is involved in multilevel cellular regulatory pathways and plays a role (among other processes) in switching between survival and initiation of cell death in neoplastic cells. The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in neoplastic cells is associated with the ability of cells to escape programmed cell death, in which dysregulation of intracellular calcium may play an important role. Therefore, reliable monitoring of intracellular calcium levels is necessary. However, such a role might be limited by a real obstacle since several fluorescent intracellular calcium indicators are substrates of membrane ABC drug transporters. For example, Fluo-3/AM is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 member of the ABC family), whose overexpression is the most frequent cause of MDR. The overexpression of ABCB1 prevents MDR cell variants from retaining this tracer in the intracellular space where it is supposed to detect calcium. The solution is to use a proper inhibitor of P-gp efflux activity to ensure the retention of the tracer inside the cells. The present study showed that Zosuquidar and Tariquidar (P-gp inhibitors) are suitable for monitoring intracellular calcium, either by flow cytometry or confocal microscopy, in cells overexpressing P-gp.