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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density
Published on: August 4, 2017
Exploring Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges as Drug Delivery Systems: Understanding the Physicochemical Factors
Bartłomiej Pyrak1,2, Karolina Rogacka-Pyrak3, Tomasz Gubica2
1Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNSs) are complex macromolecular structures composed of individual cyclodextrins (CDs) and nanochannels created between cross-linked CD units and cross-linkers. Due to their unique structural and physicochemical properties, CDNSs can possess even more beneficial pharmaceutical features than single CDs. In this comprehensive review, various aspects related to CDNSs are summarized. Particular attention was paid to overviewing structural properties, methods of synthesis, and physicochemical analysis of CDNSs using various analytical methods, such as DLS, PXRD, TGA, DSC, FT-IR, NMR, and phase solubility studies. Also, due to the significant role of CDNSs in pharmaceutical research and industry, aspects such as drug loading, drug release studies, and kinetics profile evaluation of drug-CDNS complexes were carefully reviewed. The aim of this paper is to find the relationships between the physicochemical features and to identify crucial characteristics that are influential for using CDNSs as convenient drug delivery systems.
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