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Related Concept Videos

Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A diode...
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...

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Intermittent-Aware Design Exploration of Systolic Array Using Various Non-Volatile Memory: A Comparative Study.

Nedasadat Taheri1, Sepehr Tabrizchi1, Arman Roohi1

  • 1School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.

Micromachines
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study explores intermittent computing in IoT systems, finding that the IDEA spatial architecture with row stationary dataflow boosts power efficiency by 2.7% and reduces cycles by 21% for AlexNet on CIFAR10.

Keywords:
acceleratorintermittent computingnon-volatile memorysystolic array

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Architecture
  • Embedded Systems
  • Non-Volatile Memory Technologies

Background:

  • Intermittent computing is crucial for Internet of Things (IoT) devices with power constraints.
  • Understanding dataflow (row, weight, output) and memory interactions is key for optimization.
  • Existing architectures may not fully exploit intermittent computing's potential in IoT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study intermittent computing in IoT environments.
  • To analyze the interplay between dataflows and non-volatile memory technologies.
  • To evaluate architectural optimizations for enhanced performance and energy efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated various dataflow types (row, weight, output) with different non-volatile memory technologies.
  • Employed the IDEA spatial architecture with rhythmically arranged processing elements.
  • Evaluated performance using the AlexNet model on the CIFAR10 dataset.

Main Results:

  • The IDEA architecture with row stationary dataflow achieved a 2.7% power efficiency gain.
  • An average reduction of 21% in required cycles was observed.
  • Demonstrated comparative advantages of different architectural and dataflow combinations.

Conclusions:

  • Architectural choices significantly impact energy efficiency and performance in intermittent IoT systems.
  • The IDEA architecture shows promise for optimizing intermittent computing applications.
  • Further research can explore diverse combinations for tailored IoT solutions.