Comprehensive Review on Chiral Stationary Phases in Single-Column Simultaneous Chiral-Achiral HPLC Separation Methods

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Chromatography
• Separation Science

Background:

• Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are traditionally used for enantioselective drug analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
• Modern CSPs possess significant chemoselective properties, enabling dual separation mechanisms.
• A growing trend focuses on developing single-column methods for simultaneous enantioselective and chemoselective separations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of single-column simultaneous chiral-achiral HPLC separation methods utilizing CSPs.
• To discuss the method development, optimization, and future perspectives of these advanced chromatographic techniques.
• To highlight the chemoselective separation mechanisms of various CSP types.

Main Methods:

• Review of reported HPLC methods employing four major CSP types: cyclodextrin-, glycopeptide antibiotic-, protein-, and polysaccharide-based CSPs.
• Analysis of applications across normal phase (NP), reverse phase (RP), and polar organic (PO) chromatographic modes.
• Critical discussion of method development strategies and chemoselective separation mechanisms.

Main Results:

• CSPs facilitate simultaneous enantioselective and chemoselective separations in a single column.
• Diverse CSPs and chromatographic modes are applicable to these advanced separation techniques.
• Method development is enhanced by understanding CSPs' dual separation capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Simultaneous enantio- and chemoselective separations using CSP-based HPLC are a promising trend.
• Despite challenges in understanding retention mechanisms, these methods offer significant potential.
• Anticipated growth in applications for pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacokinetic studies, and environmental monitoring.