Study on Bearing Strength and Failure Modes of Single Bolted Joint Carbon/Epoxy Composite Materials

The growth of the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) industry emphasizes the need for considerable study into assembly procedures and dependability to guarantee its effective integration into air transport networks. In this context, this study seeks to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of bolted joint Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), with a particular emphasis on bearing strength. By altering the w/D (specimen width to hole diameter) and e/D (distance between hole center and specimen end to hole diameter) ratios, the study investigates how edge and end distances affect material performance. The study discovered a shift from tension to bearing failure at w/D ratios of 4.0, with maximum bearing strength decreases of 90.50% and 69.96% compared to full bearing failure. Similarly, for e/D ratios of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0, transitioning from shear to bearing failure at 2.0 resulted in maximum bearing strength losses of 94.90% and 75.96%, respectively. Maintaining a w/D ratio of at least 6.0 and an e/D ratio of at least 3.0 is critical for maintaining maximum performance and stability in CFRP structure design.