Plant-Microbe Interactions under the Extreme Habitats and Their Potential Applications

Plant-microbe associations define a key interaction and have significant ecological and biotechnological perspectives. In recent times, plant-associated microbes from extreme environments have been extensively explored for their multifaceted benefits to plants and the environment, thereby gaining momentum in global research. Plant-associated extremophiles highlight ubiquitous occurrences, inhabiting extreme habitats and exhibiting enormous diversity. The remarkable capacity of extremophiles to exist in extreme environmental conditions is attributed to the evolution of adaptive mechanisms in these microbes at genetic and physiological levels. In addition, the plant-associated extremophiles have a major impact in promoting plant growth and development and conferring stress tolerance to the host plant, thereby contributing immensely to plant adaptation and survival in extreme conditions. Considering the major impact of plant-associated extremophiles from a socio-economic perspective, the article discusses their significance in emerging biotechnologies with a key focus on their ecological role and dynamic interaction with plants. Through this article, the authors aim to discuss and understand the favorable impact and dynamics of plant-associated extremophiles and their biotechnological utilities.